In this paper, a method is developed to minimize the expected warranty servicing cost per item sold. In this method, to be decided to repair or replace a failed item. These kinds of items work in multi-state deteriorating and they may fail in every state. Zuo, Liu and Murthy (2000), presented a paper to minimize the expected warranty servicing cost under one-dimensional (Time) and nonrenewing warranty POLICY. But here, the warranty POLICY has two-dimensions (Time & Usage). The decision to repair or replace a failed item depends on two parameters, the deterioration degree of the item and the length of the residual warranty period. The optimality of these two parameters by minimizing the expected warranty servicing cost are examined by two methods, analytically and simulation. Then an offered algorithm is used as an approximating method for performing the warranty POLICY.

Age REPLACEMENT POLICY is concerned with finding an optional time to minimize the cost, at which time the unit is replaced even if it does not fail.So far, age REPLACEMENT POLICY involving random age has been proposed. This paper will assume the age of the unit is an uncertain variable, and find the optimal time to replace the unit.

In this article, two different systems subject to shocks occurring based on a non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) are analyzed. Type -I system is consisted of a single unit and type -II system is consisted of two parallel units in which both units operate identically and simultaneously. In type -I system occurrence of a shock causes system stopping and consequently will be received minimal repairs. Also this system is replaced preventively at time y, or at time less than Ψ due to probable failure. In type -II system a shock to each units leads to unit stopping and accordingly the unit receives minimal repairs and other unit receives preventive maintenance services with no system stop. Simultaneously, this system is replaced at time y or at times less than y preventively, due to failure of both units. Systems will be replaced with new and the same types when minimizes total expected cost.

The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the POLICY proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed POLICY proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more POLICY proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

One of the most important items for better file system performance is efficient buffering of disk blocks in main memory. Efficient buffering helps to reduce the wide speed gap between main memory and hard disks. In this buffering system, the block REPLACEMENT POLICY is one of the most important design decisions that determines which disk block should be replaced when the buffer is full. To overcome the problem of performance gap between hard disks and main memory, there have been lots of proposed policies. Most of these policies are the development of the Least-Recently-Used (LRU) and Least-Frequently-Used (LFU) models. WRP(Weighting REPLACEMENT POLICY) is a REPLACEMENT algorithm that its performance is better than the LRU and LFU. The most advantage of this model is it’s similarity to both LRU and LFU, which means it has the benefits of both. This research proposes a new block REPLACEMENT POLICY namely, DWRP (Developed Weighting REPLACEMENT POLICY) which solves the problems of WRPalgorithm and retains its advantages.

This paper proposes an enhanced REPLACEMENT POLICY to mitigate the coherence-induced vulnerability of cache memories by static noise margin degradation prevention. The enhancement is conducted based on the outcomes of a comprehensive study intended to investigate the causes of static noise margin degradation in the SRAM cells. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the unbalanced distribution of data blocks associated with different coherency states over lines of a cache set can also be interpreted as a cause of the static noise margin degradation. Based on the findings, an aging-aware cache REPLACEMENT POLICY is presented to balance the distribution of dirty/clean data blocks over the cache lines. To this intent, the decision tree of the Pseudo-LRU is revisited concerning the coherency state of cache lines and the type of address conflict miss. Using the enhanced cache, the hold and read static noise margin degradation are improved by about 9.9% and 11.5%, with less than 1.0% reduction in the cache hit ratio and negligible area and energy overheads.

A novel optimal single machine REPLACEMENT POLICY using a single as well as a two stage decision making process is proposed based on the quality of items produced. In a stage of this POLICY, if the number of defective items in a sample of produced items is more than an upper threshold, the machine is replaced. However, the machine is not replaced if the number of defective items is less than a lower threshold.Nonetheless, when the number of defective item falls between the upper and the lower thresholds, the decision making process continues inspecting and possibly repairing the machine and the decision making process goes on to collect more samples. The primary objective of own work is to determine the optimal values of both the upper and the lower thresholds using a Markov process to minimize the total cost associated with a machine REPLACEMENT POLICY.